ANALYSIS OF TAX BURDEN AND COMPANY SIZE AS DETERMINANTS OF TRANSFER PRICING DECISIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/kajian_akuntansi.v25i2.4967Keywords:
Company Size, Manufacturing Companies, Tax Burden, Transfer PricingAbstract
Multinational companies often use transfer pricing to reduce their tax burden. This study examines the effect of tax burden and company size on the decision to engage in transfer pricing among manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021. The study uses secondary data from financial reports with a multiple linear regression method. The results show that tax burden and company size influence transfer pricing. The larger the tax burden, the higher the tendency for companies to use transfer pricing to reduce taxes. Similarly, larger companies have more opportunities to engage in transfer pricing. The implications of this research support improvements in tax policies and stricter corporate governance to prevent the misuse of transfer pricing.
Keywords : Company Size, Manufacturing Companies, Tax Burden, Transfer Pricing
References
Baistrocchi, E., & Roxan, I. (2012). Resolving Transfer Pricing Disputes: A Global Analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Barros, V., & Sarmento, J. M. (2020). Board Meeting Attendance and Corporate Tax Avoidance: Evidence from the UK. Business Perspectives and Research, 8(1), 51–66. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533719860021
Belz, T., von Hagen, D., & Steffens, C. (2019). Taxes and firm size: Political cost or political power? Journal of Accounting Literature, 42, 1–28. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acclit.2018.12.001
Cescon, F., Costantini, A., & Grassetti, L. (2019). Strategic choices and strategic management accounting in large manufacturing firms. Journal of Management and Governance, 23(3), 605–636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-018-9431-y
Cristea, A. D., & Nguyen, D. X. (2016). Transfer pricing by multinational firms: New evidence from foreign firm ownerships. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 8(3), 170–202. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20130407
Diana, S., Hermawan, A., & Fitriyana, U. (2021). Influence of Profitability, Company Size and Tunneling Incentive on Company Decisions of Transfer Pricing (Empirical Studies on Listed Manufacturing Companies Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2019). Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(4), 796–805. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.565
Dianov, S., Koroleva, L., Pokrovskaia, N., Victorova, N., & Zaytsev, A. (2022). The Influence of Taxation on Income Inequality: Analysis of the Practice in the EU Countries. Sustainability, 14(15), 9066. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159066
Elexa, Ľ., Ištok, M., & Šlampiaková, L. (2022). DO LINKS TO TAX HAVENS AFFECT COMPANIES’ FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE? THE CASE OF SLOVAKIA. E a M: Ekonomie a Management, 25(1), 60–76. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-004
Flamini, G., Vola, P., Songini, L., & Gnan, L. (2021). The Determinants of Tax Aggressiveness in Family Firms: An Investigation of Italian Private Family Firms. Sustainability, 13(14), 1–21.
Foss, N. J., Santos, J., & Doz, Y. L. (2008). A Knowledge System Approach to the Multinational Company: Conceptual Grounding and Implications for Research. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1153346
Hall, M., & Weiss, L. (1967). Firm Size and Profitability. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 49(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926642
Hashmi, S. D., Gulzar, S., Ghafoor, Z., & Naz, I. (2020). Sensitivity of firm size measures to practices of corporate finance: Evidence from BRICS. Future Business Journal, 6(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00015-y
Hbaieb, I. H., & Omri, M. A. B. (2019). Tax management and tax fraud: Evidence from Tunisian companies. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 11(2), 132–144. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMFA.2019.099771
Hsu, V. N., Xiao, W., & Xu, J. (2019). The Impact of Tax and Transfer Pricing on a Multinational Firm’s Strategic Decision of Selling to a Rival. Production and Operations Management, 28(9), 2279–2290. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13050
Kalra, A., & Afzal, M. N. I. (2023). Transfer pricing practices in multinational corporations and their effects on developing countries’ tax revenue: A systematic literature review. International Trade, Politics and Development, 7(3), 172–190. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITPD-04-2023-0011
Karkinsky, T., & Riedel, N. (2012). Corporate taxation and the choice of patent location within multinational firms. Journal of International Economics, 88(1), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.04.002
Klassen, K. J., Lisowsky, P., & Mescall, D. (2017). Transfer pricing: Strategies, practices, and tax minimization. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(1), 455–493. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12239
Mensah, E. (2021). The effect of IFRS adoption on financial reporting quality: Evidence from listed manufacturing firms in Ghana. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 34(1), 2890–2905. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1860109
Nalarreason, K. M., T, S., & Mardiati, E. (2019). Impact of Leverage and Firm Size on Earnings Management in Indonesia. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i1.473
Nuryaman, N. A., Kartadjumena, E., & Arnan, S. G. (2019). The influence of intellectual capital on earnings management through real activities manipulation in Indonesian manufacturing companies. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 18(3), 277. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2019.102724
Ojra, J., Opute, A. P., & Alsolmi, M. M. (2021). Strategic management accounting and performance implications: A literature review and research agenda. Future Business Journal, 7(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00109-1
Olokooba, S. M. (2019). The “What” and “Who” in Taxation. In S. M. Olokooba, Nigerian Taxation (pp. 3–17). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2607-3_1
Oyelere, P. B., & Emmanuel, C. R. (1998). International transfer pricing and income shifting: Evidence from the UK. European Accounting Review, 7(4), 623–635. https://doi.org/10.1080/096381898336222
Qomaria, N., & Abbas, D. S. (n.d.). The Effect of Transfer Pricing, Thin Capitalization and Capital Intensity on Tax Avoidance With Sales Growth As Moderating Variable. SIMPOSIUM ILMIAH AKUNTANSI 5.
Ramdhani, M. D., Fitria, Y. Z. N., & Rachman, A. A. (2021). The Effect of Transfer Pricing on Tax Avoidance in Manufacturing Companies Listed on LQ 45 Indonesia Stock Exchange2015-2019. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 32(2), 9176–9194.
Rohaeni, N., Siregar, D. K., & Safitri, I. H. (2021). THE INFLUENCE OF TAXES, COMPANY SIZE, AND FOREIGN OWNERSHIP ON THE DECISION OF COMPANIES TO CONSIDER TRANSFER PRICING ON MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED IN THE IDX. International Journal of Economy, Education and Entrepreneurship (IJE3), 1(2), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.53067/ije3.v1i2.19
Sahay, S. A. (2003). Transfer Pricing Based on Actual Cost. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 15(1), 177–192. https://doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2003.15.1.177
Sari, D., & Johan, A. (2024). Moderation of tax attitudes on the relationship of knowledge and tax incentives on sustainable MSMEs performance. Jurnal Akuntansi & Auditing Indonesia, 45–53. https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol28.iss1.art5
Shunko, M., Debo, L., & Gavirneni, S. (2014). Transfer pricing and sourcing strategies for multinational firms. Production and Operations Management, 23(12), 2043–2057. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.12175
Song, J., Oyama, S., & Kurihara, M. (2017). Tell cause from effect: Models and evaluation. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, 4(2), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-017-0063-0
Tambunan, M. R. U. D. (2022). Transfer Pricing Settlement in Indonesia: A Note for Tax Authority, Tax Court, and Taxpayers based on the Tax Court Decisions. BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Dan Organisasi, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.20476/jbb.v29i2.1306
Thinh, T. Q., & An, N. T. H. (2023). THE INFLUENCE OF INCOME TAX RATE, TUNNELING INCENTIVES, AND RETURN ON EQUITY ON TRANSFER PRICING BEHAVIOR OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 20(4), 193–210. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.21511/IMFI.20(4).2023.17
Wang, Z., Gao, W., & Mukhopadhyay, S. K. (2016). Impact of taxation on international transfer pricing and offshoring decisions. Annals of Operations Research, 240(2), 683–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-013-1489-y
Wijaya, F. V., & Widianingsih, L. P. (2019). The Impact of Tax, Exchange Rate, Tunneling Incentive and Firm Size on Transfer Pricing (Empirical Study of Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for Years2014-2018). JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (JAEF), 1(2), 149–166. https://doi.org/10.37715/jaef.v1i2.1466.