THE EFFECT OF TAX AVOIDANCE, ESG, AND POLITICAL CONNECTION ON FIRM VALUE 2021-2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/kajian_akuntansi.v25i2.4939Keywords:
ESG, Firm Value, Political Connection, Tax AvoidanceAbstract
This study aims to investigate whether tax avoidance, ESG, and political connections affect firm value under current conditions. The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of tax avoidance, ESG, and political connections on firm value. Data analysis was conducted using Gretl. The sample consists of publicly traded non-financial companies from 2021 to 2023. The study uses a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 159 observations. This quantitative research utilizes multiple linear regression. Data was obtained from the Refinitiv Database and Annual Reports. The results show that ESG and tax avoidance significantly affect firm value, whereas political connections do not have an impact on firm value. The expected contribution of this research is to enhance transparency among all stakeholders, demonstrating the company’s commitment to tax compliance, ESG, implementation, and corporate governance, thereby increasing firm value.
Keywords : ESG, Firm Value, Political Connection, and Tax Avoidance
References
Ademi, B., & Klungseth, N. J. (2022). Does it pay to deliver superior ESG performance? Evidence from US S&P 500 companies. Journal of Global Responsibility, 13(4), 421-449. 10.1108/JGR-01-2022-0006
Amrulloh, & Muis, M. A. (2019, Maret). Analisis Dampak Pengumuman Dividen Terhadap Perubahan Harga, Abnormal Return, Dan Volume Perdagangan Saham Sebelum Dan Sesudah Pembagian Dividen Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur Tbk Tahun 2015-2017. Jurnal Aplikasi Ekonomi, Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 1(1), 016-034. https://doi.org/10.35212/277623
Ardillah, K., Breliastiti, R., Setiawan, T., & Machdar, N. M. (2022). The Role of Ownership Structure in Moderating The Relationship Between Tax Avoidance, Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, and Firm Value. Accounting Analysis Journal, 11(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v11i1.58613
Armanino LLP. (2022, September 13). ESG Scores & Rating Agencies | Armanino. Armanino LLP. Retrieved Maret 26, 2024, from https://www.armanino.com/articles/esg-scores/
Astuti, E. (n.d.). KPBU - Kebijakan ESG di Kemenkeu: Apakah hanya Greenwashing Belaka? KPBU. Retrieved Maret 13, 2024, from https://kpbu.kemenkeu.go.id/read/1185-1538/umum/kajian-opini-publik/kebijakan-esg-di-kemenkeu-apakah-hanya-greenwashing
Aydoğmuş, M., Gülay, G., & Ergun, K. (2022, Desember). Impact of ESG performance on firm value and profitability. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(2), 119 - 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.11.006
Bandiyono, A. (2019). The Effect of Good Corporate Governance and Political Connection on Value Firm. Jurnal Akuntansi, 23(3), 333-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/ja.v23i3.599
Binus University. (2021, August 6). Memahami Uji Heteroskedastisitas Dalam Model Regresi – Accounting. BINUS Accounting. Retrieved June 8, 2024, from https://accounting.binus.ac.id/2021/08/06/memahami-uji-heteroskedastisitas-dalam-model-regresi/
Broadstock, D., Chen, X., Cheng, C. S. A., & Huang, W. (2020). The Value of Implicit Political Connections. Journal of International Accounting Research, 19(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.2308/jiar-18-604
Deng, X., & Cheng, X. (2019). Can ESG Indices Improve the Enterprises’ Stock Market Performance?—An Empirical Study from China. Sustainability, 11, 1-13. 10.3390/su11174765
Dkhili, H. (2024). Does environmental, social and governance (ESG) affect market performance? The moderating role of competitive advantage. Competitiveness Review, 34(2), 327-352. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-10-2022-0149
Drake, K. D., Lusch, S. J., & Stekelberg, J. (2019). Does Tax Risk Affect Investor Valuation of Tax Avoidance? Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 34(1), 151-176. 10.1177/0148558X17692674 journals.sagepub.com/home/JAF
Firmansyah, A., Arham, A., Qadri, R. A., Wibowo, P., Irawan, F., Kustiani, N. A., Wijaya, S., Andriani, A. F., Arfiansyah, Z., Kurniawati, L., Mabrur, A., Dinarjito, A., Kusumawati, R., & Mahrus, M. L. (2022, Juli 27). Political connections, investment opportunity sets, tax avoidance: does corporate social responsibility disclosure in Indonesia have a role? Heliyon, 8, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10155
Fitriana, M., & Muslim, A. I. (2022). The Effect Of Good Corporate Governance And Political Connection On Firm Value (Case Study On Manufacturing Companies Listed On The Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2020. KOMPARTEMEN: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 20(2), 215-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/kompartemen.v20i2.13535
Guedrib, M., & Marouani, G. (2023). The interactive impact of tax avoidance and tax risk on the firm value: new evidence in the Tunisian context. Asian Review of Accounting, 31(2), 203-226. 10.1108/ARA-03-2022-0052
Hadi, J. D. B. F., Yulianti, R., & Hastuti, S. (2023). Political Connection Effect towards Firm Value. Journal of International Conference Proceedings, 6(6), 254-263. https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v6i6.2730
Hadiwibowo, F., & Sufina, L. (2022). Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Profitabilitas, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi Empiris Perusahaan Sektor Industri Dasar dan Kimia yang Ter-daftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2019. Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Perbankan (Journal of Economics, Management and Banking), 8(1), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.35384/jemp.v8i1.265
Haryati, P. D. G., Rustriarini, N. W., & Dewi, N. P. S. (2021). Pengaruh Corporate Governance dan Koneksi Politik Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Kumpulan Hasil Riset Mahasiswa (KHARISMA), 3(1), 279-289.
Iman, C., Sari, F. N., & Pujiati, N. (2022). Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Perspektif: Jurnal Ekonomi & Manajemen Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika, 19(2), 192-198. https://doi.org/10.31294/jp.v17i2
Irawan, F., & Turwanto. (2020, April 11). The Effect of Tax Avoidance on Firm Value with Tax Risk as Moderating Variable. Test Engineering and Management, 83, 9696-9707.
Juhandi, N., Fahlevi, M., Abdi, M. N., & Noviantoro, R. (2019, October). Liquidity, Firm Size and Dividend Policy to the Value of the Firm (Study in Manufacturing Sector Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange). Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Organizational Innovation (ICOI 2019), 313-317. 10.2991/icoi-19.2019.53
Kagan, J. (2021, Maret 24). Effective Tax Rate: How It's Calculated and How It Works. Investopedia. Retrieved Maret 26, 2024, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/effectivetaxrate.asp
Kholid, A. W. N., & Rahmawati, E. (2023). Does Executive Compensation Reinforce the Influence of Political Connection and Investment Opportunity Set on Firm Value? Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi, 15(2), 139-152. https://doi.org/10.15294/jda.v15i1.44081
Manurung, V. L., & Simbolon, M. R. (2020, Desember). Pengaruh Struktur Modal dan Penghindaran Pajak Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Terapan Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis, 3(2), 68-79. https://doi.org/10.58303/jtimb.v3i2.2447
Manysthigosa, A. (2022, November 23). Nilai Perusahaan: Jenis, Faktor Pengaruh, Cara Menghitung. KitaLulus. Retrieved February 13, 2024, from https://www.kitalulus.com/bisnis/nilai-perusahaan
Marwat, J., Rajput, S. K. O., Dakhan, S. A., Kumari, S., & Ilyas, M. (2023). Tax avoidance as earning game player in emerging economies: evidence from Pakistan. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 12(2), 186-201. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-10-2020-0379
Maulana, A., & Wati, L. N. (2019). Pengaruh Koneksi Politik dan Struktur Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Akuntansi, 8(1), 1-12. 10.37932/ja.v8i1.59
Melinda, A., & Wardhani, R. (2020). The Effect of Environmental, Social, Governance, and Controversies on Firms’ Value: Evidence from Asia. Advanced Issues in the Economics of Emerging Markets, 27, 147-173. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-038620200000027011
Nailufaroh, L. (2023). The Effect of Tax Avoidance, Profitability, and Leverage on FirmValue. Adpebi Science Series. https://adpebipublishing.com/index.php/AICMEST/article/view/231
Pardosi, M. N. H., & Sinabutar, R. (2021). Pengaruh Penghindaran Pajak dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Cost of Debt Pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Tekstil dan Garmen Yang Terdaftar di BEI 2016-2019. Jurnal Ekonomis, 4(1c), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.58303/jeko.v14i1c.2516
Patriarini, W. E. (2020). Pengaruh Koneksi Politik terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(6), 1550-1560. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2020.v30.i06.p16
Perdana, M., Salim, U., Ratna, K., & Rofiq, A. (2023, July 27). The Effect of Environmental Social Governance (ESG) Performance and Financial Performance on Firm Value: Evidence from the Banking Sector in ASEAN. Proceedings of the 1st Brawijaya International Conference on Business and Law (BICoBL 2022), 183-193. 10.2991/978-94-6463-214-9_20
Pratama, V. Y., & Setiawan, D. (2019). Political Connection and Firm Value in Indonesia. Sebelas Maret Business Review, 3(2), 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/smbr.v3i2.14932
Pratiwi, H. R., & Aligarh, F. (2021). “Pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Kepemilikan Keluarga, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Akuntansi Perpajakan dan Portofolio, 1(1), 12-22. 10.2426/10.24269
PT ESGI Indonesia Berkelanjutan. (2021, Desember). Apa itu Tobin’s Q? Pengertian, Rumus, Ide Penelitian. ESGI AI. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from https://www.esgi.ai/id/apa-itu-tobinsq/
Refinitiv. (n.d.). Refinitiv ESG company scores. Refinitiv An LSEG Business. Retrieved Maret 3, 2024, from https://www-ams1.qa.refinitiv.com/en/sustainable-finance/esg-scores
Rasyad, R. K., Afgani, K. F., & Ali, Q. (2024). The Effects of ESG on Firm Performance and Firm Value: A Study of Indonesian and Malaysian Listed Companies. Journal Integration of Management Studies, 2(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.58229/jims.v1i2.118
Rijanto, A. (2022). Political connection status decisions and benefits for firms experiencing financial difficulties in emerging markets. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(3), 164-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(3).2022.14
Rudyanto, A., & Pirzada, K. (2020, April 29). The role of sustainability reporting in shareholder perception of tax avoidance. Social Responsibility, 17(5), 669-685. 10.1108/SRJ-01-2020-0022
Sembiring, S., & Trisnawati, I. (2020). Faktor - Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 21(1a-2), 173-194. https://doi.org/10.34208/jba.v21i1a-2.754
Su, Q., & Deng, Y. (2024, September). Tax avoidance news, investor behavior, and stock market performance. Finance Research Letters, 67(Part A), 105834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105834
Sukmawijaya, A. (2021, Maret 22). Mulai Tahun Depan Seluruh Emiten Wajib Report ESG. Kumparan. Retrieved Juni 16, 2024, from https://kumparan.com/kumparanbisnis/mulai-tahun-depan-seluruh-emiten-wajib-report-esg-1vPAuTYsgAk
Tambahani, G. D., Sumual, T., & Kewo, C. (2021, Agustus). Pengaruh Perencanaan Pajak (Tax Planning) dan Penghindaran Pajak (Tax Avoidance) Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi Kasus Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017-2019). Jurnal Akuntansi Manado, 2(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.53682/jaim.v2i2.1359
Tebiono, J. N., & Sukadana, I. B. N. (2019, November). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tax Avoidance Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di BEI. Jurnal Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 21(1a-2), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.34208/jba.v21i1a-2.749
TradingView, Inc. (2024). Chart dan Kutipan Indeks COMPOSITE. TradingView. Retrieved June 17, 2024, from https://id.tradingview.com/symbols/IDX-COMPOSITE/
Triadha, A. F. (2022, Agustus 3). Pentingnya ESG dan Stakeholder Capitalism bagi Perusahaan. IAP2 Indonesia. Retrieved Maret 13, 2024, from https://iap2.or.id/pentingnya-esg-dan-stakeholder-capitalism-bagi-perusahaan/
Wati, L. N., Ramdany, & Momon. (2020). Benefits and Costs of Political Connection, Evidence in Indonesia. Widya Cipta: Jurnal Sekretari dan Manajemen, 4(2), 191-196. https://doi.org/10.31294/widyacipta.v4i2.9632.
Wilfridus, B., & Susanto, L. (2021, Juni). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Multiparadigma Akuntansi, 3(3), 975-983.
Yunita, I. G. P. A. O., & Artini, L. G. S. (2019). Peran Struktur Modal Sebagai Mediator Antara Pertumbuhan Perusahaan dan Nilai Perusahaan. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 8(12), 7013-7032. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2019.v08.i12.p06.
Zaneta, F., Ermaya, H. N. L., & Nugraheni, R. (2023). Hubungan Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure, Green Product Innovation, Environmental Management Accounting Terhadap Firm Value. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi, 9(1), 97-114. 10.34204/jiafe.v9i1.6134.