Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa

Evaluation of Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) Leaf Ethanol Extract Gargle Preparation Against Streptococcus mutans

Asfari Fauziyyah, Srie Rezeki Nur Endah, Lina Rahmawati Rizkuloh — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The ethanol extract of lime leaves is known to have an antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans which causes caries, making it suitable for use in gargarisma preparations. This research aims to produce mouthwash preparations based on ethanol extract of lime leaves, and determine its activity against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The preparation was developed with four formulas, namely F0 (base), F1 (20%), F2 (25%) and F3 (30%). Evaluation of preparations includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, specific gravity tests, and viscosity tests. The antibacterial activity test of the Gargarisma preparation used 0.2% chlorhexidine as a comparison, using the well technique. The evaluation proved that the ethanol extract of lime leaves was developed into a gargarisma preparation. The results of the activity test of the Gargarisma preparation showed an average diameter of inhibition of F0 (0 mm), F1 (15 mm), F2 (15.6 mm), F3 (16.06 mm) and positive control (14.64 mm).

Antioxidant Activity Test and Caffeine Level Determination in Green Tea Infusion with Variation of Brewing Time

Aptika Oktaviana Trisna Dewi — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Green tea is a type of non-fermented tea. The chemical compounds contained in tea have a good effect on health, including caffeine which is believed to reduce uric acid levels in the blood, and catechins as an antioxidant agent. People often consume green tea by brewing it without paying attention to the brewing time. The aim of this research was to determine caffeine levels and antioxidant activity in green tea brewing with varying brewing times. The brewing times used are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. Determination of caffeine levels using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method was measured at a wavelength of 275 nm. Determination of antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer measured at a wavelength of 515.4 nm. Caffeine levels at brewing times of 5, 10, 15, 20, 20 and 30 minutes respectively were 64.20 ± 8.66 mg/g; 69.02±4.31 mg/g; 93.97±0.20 mg/g; 98.97±7.33 mg/g, 90.02±0.34 mg/g and 52.73±3.84 mg/g. The antioxidant test results are expressed in IC50 values respectively according to the length of brewing time, namely 91.32 ± 5.43 mg/L; 42.22±6.24 mg/L; 52.18±3.63 mg/L; 55.97±3.67 mg/L; 80.84±4.22 mg/L; 81.29±7.88 mg/L.

The Immunostimulant Effect of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) Fruit Ethanol Extract Through Carbon Clearance Index and Organ Index

Mohamad Vito Gandana, Fetri Lestari, Bambang Tri Laksono — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Raspberry fruit ethanol extract is known to have strong antioxidant activity and which is related with immunostimulant activity. This study aims to determine the immunostimulant activity of ethanol extract of raspberry fruit.Raspberry fruit is macerated with 70% ethanol and concentrated using a rotary evaporator, then the phagocytosis index, spleen and liver index in mice are determined using the carbon clearence method.Based on the results obtained, it is known that all doses have immunostimulant activity because there are significant differences (p <0.05) between all doses against the negative control group with a dose of 400mg / kgBB having the highest value among the test groups and having moderate immunostimulant activity.

Formulation and Testing of Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract Gel from Mother-in-Law's Tongue Leaf (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain.) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Uswatun Hasanah, Mariam Ulfah, Ade Irawan — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Sansevieria trifasciata Prain., commonly known as lidah mertua, is widely used as an ornamental plant. It contains saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, which are beneficial as antibacterials. An essential factor in formulating antibacterial gel preparations is selecting a gelling agent to deliver active compounds optimally. This study aims to formulate and evaluate gel preparations of ethanolic extract of lidah mertua leaves with variations in xanthan gum concentrations (1.5%, 1.7%, 1.9%, and 2.1%) as a gelling agent, as well as to test its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The ethanolic extract of lidah mertua leaves was obtained through maceration, resulting in a dechlorophyllated extract yield of 3.1%. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Gel evaluations included organoleptic testing, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, and pH tests. Gel preparations containing 1.7% and 1.9% xanthan gum met all physical evaluation requirements. The results showed that increasing the concentration of xanthan gum enhanced adhesion while reducing spreadability. The antibacterial activity test indicated that higher xanthan gum concentrations resulted in a smaller inhibition zone diameter. The gel with 1.7% xanthan gum exhibited the largest inhibition zones against both bacteria, with average inhibition zone diameters of 7.70 ± 0.26 mm against E. coli and 8.77 ± 0.68 mm against S. aureus.

Utilization of Coconut Shell Activated Carbon as an Adsorbent in Reducing Copper (Cu) Levels in Sebamban River Water

Mulia Rahmah, Tuti Alawiyah, Rohama, Rahmadani — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Sebamban River is one of the rivers located in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan Province which is commonly used by the people in their daily activities. However, this river has a copper (Cu) contamination that exceeds the established threshold. This study aims to utilize the adsorption of coconut shell activated carbon to reduce copper (Cu) levels in the Sebamban River. This study was conducted using a quantitative method in a true-experimental manner, treatment of test samples with a post-test only control group design, analyzed using a one-way Anova test with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) instrument. The results showed that the copper (Cu) levels in the Sebamban River water were 25.06 mg/L. After being soaked using coconut shell activated carbon with a time variation of 30 minutes, the content was 14.45 mg/L or a decrease of 41.97%, 60 minutes the content was 7.15 mg/L or a decrease of 71.46% and 60 minutes the content was 1.52 mg/L or a decrease of 93.93%. Based on the results of the study, there is an effect of time on the administration of coconut shell activated carbon.

The Relationship Between Knowledge Level and Attitudes and Perceptions of Doctors and Pharmacists Regarding the Halalness of Drugs at RST Magelang

Chilmia Nurul Fatiha, Anggraini Dwi Ayu Fitria, Fabianus Herman Kurniawan — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0800

When it comes to countries having a predominantly Muslim population, Indonesia tops the list. In order to raise Muslim shoppers' awareness about the need of buying halal goods. The State of the Global Islamic Economy study confirms that in 2018, the Muslim community spent USD 2.2 trillion on halal food and pharmaceuticals in accordance with Islamic norms. since such, knowing whether or not a product is halal is essential, since it might have repercussions for one's health and spiritual well-being. The presence of halal labels in pharmacies is one clue. Doctors and other medical professionals, as well as pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, play a crucial role in helping patients decide which medications will work best for them. One of the aspects that might affect attitudes and views about choosing halal pharmaceutical goods is the amount of information. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the degree to which medical professionals and pharmacists at RST Magelang have a common understanding of the halal status of certain pharmaceuticals. A questionnaire was used to gather data for the study's cross-sectional design. Sixty medical professionals from RST Magelang were utilized as samples. Total sampling was used to get a representative sample of the population that fulfilled the study's inclusion criteria. The Spearman Rank statistical test is used to analyze the data. The correlation between education and attitude was found to have a P value of 0.972 (> 0.05), whereas that between education and perception had a value of 0.396 (> 0.05). The research found no statistically significant correlation between medical professionals' and pharmacists' awareness of the halal status of medications sold at RST Magelang.

Development of Emulgel Containing Benzoyl Peroxide and Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon nardus (L) Rendl) as Anti-acne Therapy

Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Acne is a inflammatory disease caused bacterium Propionibacterium, which can lead to inflammation and increased sebum production. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is an antibacterial used for acne. BPO, with concentrations in formulations ranging from 2.5-10%, has keratolytic and anti-inflammatory effects on acne and plays a role in reducing free radical oxygen and P. acnes density. The contents of citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl.) Citronella, l-Limonene, Beta-Citronellol, Citronellyl acetate, trans-Caryophyllene, Geranyl acetate, Delta-Cadinene, Linalool, Germacrene D, (-)-beta.-Elemene. The aim of this study is to obtain an optimal emulgel formula containing BPO and citronella oil with anti-acne activity. The results of anti-acne activity testing against P. acnes and S. epidermidis obtained inhibitory zone diameters at a concentration of 5% citronella oil of 1.78 ± 0.15; ,09 ± 0 with positive controls 1.86 ± 0.07; 2.13 ± 0.09. The formulations were formulated with different Tween 80 concentrations as emulsifiers of 3%(F1); 5%(F2); 7%(F3) respectively. The formulations have a pH range of 5.0 – 8.0. The spreading power ranges between 5-7 cm. The viscosity of the formulations ranges from 40,000 – 60,000 cP. The diffusion test results yielded the best flux value of 653,723 mg/cm². The best formula is indicated by F6 which consists of BPO 2.5%, Citronella Oil 5%, Carbomer-940 1%, Tween 80 3%, Propylene glycol 20%, TEA 0,05%, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil 5%.

Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Ethanol Extract Hand Sanitizer Preparation Against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria

Esther Febriyanti Rumyaan, Mega Karina Putri, Eni Kartika Sari — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Using hand sanitizers has a drawback, namely that alcohol levels above 80% are volatile, causing dry skin and a burning sensation. Therefore, it can be formulated using natural active substances, namely bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) which contain antibacterial compounds. This research is experimental in nature with stages including making bay leaf extract, phytochemical screening, making hand sanitizer gel with bay leaf extract concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, testing the physical properties of the preparation, testing the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus. The data obtained in the form of physical properties and antibacterial inhibition zones were analyzed statistically with the One-way ANOVA test. Variations in the concentration of ethanol extract of bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) in hand sanitizer gel preparations affect the physical properties of the preparation, namely organoleptic, spreadability, stickiness, and pH as well as the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus in the very strong inhibition zone category

Patient Profile and Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Treatment in MDR-TB Patients at Dr. Soekardjo Hospital Tasikmalaya

Citra Salasanti, Ilham Alifiar, Wafiq Nur’azizah, Dani Farid Abdullah — Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Indonesia is ranked 5th in the world for the most MDR-TB cases. The treatment for MDR-TB differs from regular TB cases, as it involves using second-line anti-TB drugs (OAT). This study aims to determine the patient profile, treatment patterns, and effectiveness of OAT in MDR-TB patients at RSUD Dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya. The research was conducted using a descriptive observational method with a cross-sectional design, collecting data retrospectively from the medical records of MDR-TB patients from January to December 2023. The sample size in this study was 32 patients.The results showed that the majority of MDR-TB patients were in the age range of 18-44 years (71.87%), 56.25% were male, 28.16% were unemployed and housewives, and 62.50% had new patients. Among the 32 patients, 3 underwent short-term therapy, while 29 underwent long-term therapy. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated through BTA culture, conducted monthly. Based on BTA conversion results, 25 out of 32 patients showed negative results from the first month of treatment.