Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa

ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIA ACTIVITY IN THE VIVO TEST FROM A COMBINATION OF AVOCADO LEAF EXTRACT (Persea americana Mill) AND GINGER RHIZOME (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) IN MICE WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

2024-02-01T10:47:58+08:00

Herbal and traditional medicine are two of the main types of treatment in developing countries, including Indonesia. Hyperlipidemia is a condition in which cholesterol levels in the body exceed normal limits, impacting cardiovascular disease. Avocado leaves and temulawak rhizomes have been shown to have antihyperlipidemic effects in animals. This study aimed to determine the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of avocado leaf (Persea americana Mill) and temulawak rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) combination extract in cholesterol levels of white male mice Sprague Dawley strain. The subjects of this study consisted of 20 white male mice Sprague Dawley strain (Rattus novergicus) and were divided into five groups: F1 (standard); F2 (hypercholesterolemic group); F3 (1:1 treatment group); F4 (1:2 treatment group); and F5 (2:1 treatment group). The induction was conducted for 14 days, while the treatment was carried out for seven days. All data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The combination extract of avocado and temulawak rhizome has an anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Giving a combination extract of avocado leaf and temulawak rhizome to all treatment groups significantly reduced total cholesterol levels in mice (p = 0.028). Avocado leaves and temulawak rhizomes have potential antihyperlipidemic activity derived from flavonoids. In this study, the potency of the extract efficacy can be achieved when given in combination.

ANALYSIS OF COST EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN TYPHOD FEVER PATIENTS AT KARTINI RANGKASBITUNG HOSPITAL IN 2022

2024-06-13T20:16:46+08:00

The high prevalence rate of typhoid fever is one of the health problems in Indonesia. Antibiotic therapy is the only therapy that can be used to treat the main cause of typhoid fever. Antibiotics are a type of drug therapy that requires a lot of budgets to procure. This study aims to find out the most cost-effective type of antibiotic for treating typhoid fever. This research was conducted at Kartini Rangkasbitung Hospital using observational research methods with a cross-sectional approach. The data used uses secondary data conducted retrospectively. This research uses medical record data and cost data. This study was divided into three groups, namely ciprofloxacin tablets, intravenous ceftriaxone, levofloxacin tablets and intravenous levofloxacin. Based on the calculation results, the ACER value of ceftriaxone is IDR 2,955,250, the ACER value of IV levofloxacin is IDR 2,727,306, and the ACER value of levofloxacin tablets is IDR 3,047,337. The ICER value from the comparison between levofloxacin tablets and ceftriaxone is IDR 43,250. The most cost-effective antibiotic is the antibiotic levofloxacin in intravenous form.

APPLICATION OF THE FACTORIAL DESIGN METHOD IN OPTIMIZATION OF THE 96% ETHANOL EXTRACT TABLET FORMULA OF RAMBUTAN LEAVES (Nephelium lappaceum L.)

2024-06-13T14:08:14+08:00

One of the plants that has the potential to be developed for medicine is the rambutan plant (Nephelium lappaceum L.). In rambutan leaves it has been shown to have an antihyperglycemic effect in glucose-induced test animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of excipient combinations on the physical properties of tablets in order to obtain the optimum formula in tablet preparations. The formulation of the tablet formula was carried out with the concentration ratio of gelatin and starch being F1 (25:15) mg, FA (75:15) mg, FB (25:75) mg, and FAB (75:75) mg. The optimization results obtained from the factorial design method on the granule flow time test can have a significant effect on the p-value of gelatin 0,0049 and 0,0001 starch, and the tablet friability test can have a significant effect for starch with a p-value of 0,0002 while for gelatin it has no significant effect with a p-value of 0,0628, but for the tablet hardness test it has no significant effect with a p-value of 0,2480 for gelatin and 0,6093 for starch. Response optimization resulted in a desirability value of 0,903, so the optimum formula was obtained with a weight of 25 mg gelatin and 15 mg starch found in formula 1.

FORMULATION OF A SERUM PREPARATION FROM ETHANOL EXTRACT OF JACKPOA LEAVES (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) AS AN ANTI ACNE AGAINST Propionibacterium acnes

2023-12-27T14:37:46+08:00

Jackfruit leaf extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that function as antibacterials. This study aims to determine whether the ethanol extract of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) can be formulated into a serum preparation that is physically and chemically stable and to determine the activity of the ethanol extract serum preparation of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) against Propionibacterium acnes. The research method was carried out experimentally in a laboratory. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) leaf extract was identified for chemical compounds and formulated in serum preparations with varying concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5%. Evaluation of the preparation includes organoleptics, pH. homogeneity, viscosity, and moisture using the cycling test method, as well as testing antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The results showed that the serum preparation of jackfruit leaf extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) was physically and chemically stable; the antibacterial activity test against Propionibacterium acnes with respective inhibition zones F1 (1%) was 12.4 mm, F2 (3%) was 13.5 mm, and F3 (5%) was 14.6 mm. It can be concluded that the optimum concentration of the most effective jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) leaf serum preparation is formula 3 (5%) of 14.6 mm with a strong category of inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes.

DETERMINATION OF FLAVONOID LEVELS AND THE EFFECT OF KARIKA SEED EXTRACT ON THE NUMBER OF LEUKOCYTES IN MICE INDUCED BY CARRAGEENAN

2024-01-22T12:07:30+08:00

Carica seeds (Carica pubescens) are herbs that have anti- Carica pubescens seeds are herbal remedies that have anti-inflammatory effects. The parameter for anti-inflammatory activity can be assessed by measuring the leukocyte count in test animals. This study aimed to measure the flavonoid content and the impact of various Carica pubescens seed ethanol extract doses on leukocyte count in animals induced with carrageenan. The secondary metabolites of Carica pubescens seeds were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol as the solvent. The measurement of flavonoid levels was determined using routine standards through UV-visible spectrophotometry. The leukocyte count measurement method used Swiss-Webster strain mice, divided into six treatment groups: positive control, sick or negative control, solvent control, and extract doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW. Inflammation was induced using carrageenan solution, and the leukocyte count was determined at 0, 3, and 6 hours. The results showed that Carica pubescens seed ethanol extract doses of 200 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW had an effect in reducing the leukocyte count in mice at 6 hours after carrageenan induction. This effect is influenced by the presence of flavonoid secondary metabolites. The research results obtained the flavonoid levels of Carica pubescent seed ethanol extract equivalent to routine, which is 1.346 mg/gram.

EVALUATION OF THE USE OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IN INPATIENT PREECLAMPSIA PATIENTS IN THE LEMBANG REGIONAL HOSPITAL

2024-07-17T18:10:35+08:00

Preeclampsia is one of the complications that often occurs in pregnant women. The prevalence of preeclampsia in Indonesia occurs in three point three percent of pregnant women and often leads to death. The mortality rate due to preeclampsia is the second highest cause after hemorrhage. However, with proper management, deaths due to preeclampsia can be prevented. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the use of antihypertensive drugs in pregnant women with preeclampsia at one hospital in the Lembang area. The research method is descriptive observational and retrospectively, using medical record data from patients with the primary diagnosis of preeclampsia. Samples were taken using consecutive sampling method that met the inclusion criteria. Parameters observed were appropriate indication, dosage, drug, and frequency of administration. The research indiacted that the administration of antihypertensive drugs in preeclampsia womens at one hospital in the Lembang area has met the criteria for appropriate indication, drug, dosage, and frequency of drug administration.

ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF NUTMEG (Myristica fragrans) ESSENTIAL OIL ON SWISS WEBSTER MALE MICE (Mus musculus)

2024-02-05T11:20:16+08:00

Nutmeg seed essential oil has been reported to have an antidepressant effect, but there is not much scientific evidence regarding an optimal dose of nutmeg seed essential oil as an antidepressant. The goal of this research is to gain an optimal dose of nutmeg seed essential oil towards increasing exploratory activity and decreasing the duration of immobility in mice. The sample of this research is nutmeg essential oil and also using a Forced Swimming test and Open Field test to exploratory activity and immobility. This research using amitriptillin for positive control, dose 5 mg/KgBW mice , dose 10 mg/KgBW mice and dose 20 mg/KgBW mice. The result showed the optimum dose is 5 mg/KgBW mice which able to decrease the immobility and increase the exploratory activity on mice. The decreasing immobility time and exploratory activity are provided by statistic analysis paired t-test with sig. p(<0,05).

TESTING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND DETERMINING FLAVONOID CONTENTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF RED BELT LEAVES (Piper ornatum N.E.Br.) USING MACERATION AND ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION METHODS

2023-12-27T09:01:29+08:00

Red betel plant (Piper ornatum N.E.Br.) has been used empirically and has been shown to have various pharmacological activities. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and flavonoid content of ethanol extract of red betel leaves using maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods based on IC50 values and flavonoid levels expressed in QE (Quercetin equivalent). Red betel leaves were extracted using 96% ethanol solvent by maceration and Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods (10, 20, 30, 40 minutes). Determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH method and the determination of flavonoid levels by the spectrophotometric with AlCl3 reagent.

The antioxidant test results showed that the antioxidant activity of the macerated extract had an IC50 value of 36.54 ppm, while the 40 minutes ultrasonic extract had an IC50 value of 30.54 ppm. The results of determining the flavonoid content of maceration extract and 40 minutes of ultrasonic extraction showed flavonoid levels of 4.07 mgQE/g and 4.32 mgQE/g extract, respectively. The test results show that Ultrasound-assisted extraction is an extraction method that produces better antioxidant activity and flavonoid levels than the maceration method.

THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND SUNSCREEN ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT 70% KESUM LEAVES (Polygonum minus Huds)

2024-05-07T15:51:15+08:00

Polygonum minus Huds. is an endemic plant in West Kalimantan. In Kalimantan, this plant is widely known by its people as one of the biological resources. Kesum has several pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activity and contain secondary metabolites such as phenols, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to identified the thin-layer chromatographic profile and sunscreen activity of 70% ethanol extract of kesum using a UV spectrophotometer. Results from this study, chromatogram profile of 70% ethanol extract of kesum leaves contained stain spots with the Rf value of each secondary metabolite, namely: alkaloids (Rf = 0.72), flavonoids (Rf = 0.64), saponins (Rf = 0.54), tannins (Rf = 0.75), and phenols (Rf = 0.47). The results of sunscreen activity testing obtained the highest SPF (Sun Protection Factor) value of 15.23, the lowest % Erythema Transmission value of 1.53% and the lowest % Pigmentation Transmission value of 6.53%. 70% ethanol extract of chem leaves has high potential as a sunscreen.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF RAMANIA LEAF EXTRACT (Bouea Macrophylla Griffith) AGAINST THE BACTERIA Propionibacterium acnes

2024-07-02T11:44:49+08:00

The Ramania plant (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) can be used as an antibacterial in the treatment of acne. One of the bacteria that can cause acne is the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. The aim of this research is to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds and the activity of p bacteria. acnes in methanol extract, 70% ethanol, and 96% ethanol extract of Ramania leaves. The antibacterial activity of the extract was tested using the well diffusion method against P. acnes bacteria with test solution concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%. Antibiotics in disk form were clindamycin 2 µg/disk (positive control) and Na-CMC 0 .5% (negative control). The best inhibition results were obtained at a concentration of 50%, with inhibition zones in 70% ethanol extract (17.6 mm in the strong category), 96% ethanol extract (19.16 mm in the strong category), and methanol extract (20.90 mm in the strong category). very strong category). Based on these results, the best extract to inhibit P. acnes bacteria is methanol extract. This may be influenced by compounds in methanol extract such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and phenols.

PEEL OFF GEL MASK FORMULATION 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT MANILA SAWO LEAVES (Manilkara Zapota L.)

2024-06-21T09:08:50+08:00

The 70% ethanol extract of Sawo Manila leaves (Manilkara zapota L.) contain flavanoid compounds, and phenoic has very strong antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ of 8.26 µg/m, so it has the potential to be developed in the form of pharmaceutical preparations for facial skin, one of which is a peel-off gel mask. The purpose of this study was to determine the most optimal formulation based on variations in the concentration of film-forming PVA and gelling agent PVP K30. This research was carried out by experimental method with variations of PVA 12%, 13%, 14% and PVP K30 1%, 5%, 10%. Organoleptic research results showed dark yellow, yellow and pale yellow colors, distinctive odors, semisolid and homogeneous dosage forms with pH in the rangel of 4.9-5.7, viscosity 19046-19626 mPa.s, spreadability 5.5-9.5 g.cm/second, drying time 12.84-20.48 minutes and elasticity 8.3-9.6 cm. Based on the resuts of the stability test, it shows that F5, F6 and F8 have a p-value (>0.05), so it can be stated that before and after freezing thaw there is no significant changel, besides, F5 shows the elasticity value with the maximum elongation until the film lasts before breaking, so it meets all the characteristic requirements and falls within the parameter rangel and it can be concluded that F5 with 13% PVA and 5% PVP K30 is the optimal formula.

THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION INFUSION VS DECOCTION EXTRACTION METHOD ON TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF PURSALENE PLANT EXTRACT (Portulaca oleracea Linn.)

2024-06-20T10:22:05+08:00

Pursalene (Portulaca oleracea Linn.) is rich in phenolic contents, which can be used to treat metabolic syndrome. An extraction method is needed to obtain efficacious phenolic contents from the purslane plant. However, no literature examines the effect of selecting the infusion vs decoction extraction method on the levels of total phenolic contents from purslane plants. This research aims to determine the effect of application the infusion vs decoction extraction method on the levels of total phenolic contents obtained from purslane plants. The infusion and decoction extraction methods were carried out using water as solvent 1:10 w/v (powder/solvent) at 90°C. In the infusion method, extraction is carried out using a tightly closed container for 15 minutes, while in the decoction method extraction is carried out until the volume of the solution is reduced by half. Determination of total levels of phenolic contents was carried out spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent at 750 nm. The choice of conventional extraction methods, infusion and decoction has a significant effect. (2-tailed) < 0.05 on the total content of phenolic contents obtained from the Portulaca oleracea Linn. The decoction extraction method was used more effectively to extract phenolic contents from the pursalene plant, producing total phenolic content levels of 377.60 ± 2.44 mgGAE/g dry extract when compared to infused extract, which only produced total phenolic content levels of 121.33 ± 1.16 mgGAE/g dry extract.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE DRYING METHOD ON POLYPHENOL LEVELS AND TOTAL FLAVONOIDS IN ARABICA COFFEE BEANS (Coffea arabica L.) ARJASARI

2024-07-26T12:10:38+08:00

Polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids are secondary metabolite compounds that are most found in plants and have various pharmacological effects, one of which is as an antioxidant. These two secondary metabolite compounds are also contained in coffee beans. Post-harvest handling of cherry coffee cherries into coffee beans is carried out through natural, semi-washed and full-washed processes. These three processes can affect the taste of coffee beans. This research aims to see the effect of the post-harvest processing of Arabica coffee fruit (Coffea arabica L.) into green coffee beans on total polyphenol and flavonoid levels. Tests were carried out on the ethanol extract of green coffee beans. The results of measuring the polyphenol content of the ethanol extract of green coffee beans showed that the total polyphenol content was highest in full-washed coffee beans (BKfw) at 116.71 mg GAE/g extract, while the total polyphenol content of the ethanol extract of semi-washed coffee beans (BKsw) and Full-washed Coffee Beans (BKfw) are 115.70 mg GAE/g extract and 103.60 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The drying process affected polyphenol levels and was statistically significantly different. The results of measuring the total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of Natural Arabica (BKn), semi-washed (BKsw) and full washed (BKfw) coffee beans were 5.67 mgQE/g, 6.28 mgQE/g, and 5.56 mgQE/g, respectively. g. These results did not show a significant difference, so the drying process had no effect on flavonoid levels.