Workplace Spirituality as Intangible Resource and Capabilities: As Seen in the Evidence of a Telco Company in the Disruptive Era
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v8i1.3443Keywords:
Spirit at Work, Spiritual Leadership, Changing Crisis into Opportunity, Competitive Advantage, Resource-Based ViewAbstract
Previous research had analyzed the positive impact of spirit at work and spiritual leadership separately as independent variables toward organizational commitment and job satisfaction but had not examined it all at once through the strategic management resource-based view framework. This quantitative study, using SEM PLS, examined the spiritual leadership intangible resources (Vision, Hope-Faith, Altruistic Love, Meaning Calling, and Membership) as the factors to develop spirit at work capabilities, which positively influence Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as the performance proxies. Based on a survey of the data taken from the biggest Telco company in Indonesia, going through volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) phase, this research shows that spirituality matters in the resource-based view of strategic management framework, where resources and capabilities are intertwined in supporting performance. All hypotheses were significant, implying the criticality of embedding spiritual values in creating a greater purpose for all employees. Further qualitative research in this area would enrich workplace spirituality research.
References
Arménio, Rego, & Miguel Pina e, Cunha. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53- 75.
Augier, Mie, & Teece, David J. (2009). Dynamic capabilities and the role of managers in business strategy and economic performance. Organization Science, 20(2), 410-421.
Barney, et al. (2007). Resource-based theory: creating and sustaining competitive advantage. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
Barney, Jay, & Wright, Patrick M. (1998). On becoming a strategic partner: The role of human resources in gaining competitive advantage. Human resource management, 37(1), 31-46.
Barron, K., & Chou, S. Y. (2017). Toward a spirituality mode of firm sustainability strategic planning processes. Society and Business Review.
Crabtree, S. (2013). Worldwide, 13% of employees are engaged at work: Low workplace engagement offers opportunities to improve business outcomes. Gallup. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
Crook, T Russell, et al. (2011). Does human capital matter? A meta-analysis of the relationship between human capital and firm performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(3), 443.
Crossman, J. (2016). Alignment and misalignment in personal and organizational spiritual identities. Identity, 16(3), 154-168.
Darwish, A. Yousef. (2001). Islamic work ethic – A moderator between organizational commitment and job satisfaction in a cross-cultural context. Personnel Review, 30(2), 152-169.
Dent, Eric B, et al. (2005). Spirituality and leadership: An empirical review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 625-653.
Duchon, Dennis, & Plowman, Donde Ashmos. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 807-833.
Fornaciari, Charles J., et al. (2005). SCALE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN THE MEASUREMENT OF SPIRITUALITY. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 13(1), 28.
Fry, Louis, & Altman, Yochanan. (2009). Maximizing the Triple Bottom Line & Spiritual Leadership: The CEL Story. Academy of Management.
Fry, Louis W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The leadership quarterly, 14(6), 693- 727.
Fry, Louis W., & Altman, Yochana. (2013). Advances in Workplace Spirituality: Theory, Research and Application : Spiritual Leadership in Action : The CEL Story Achieving Extraordinary Results Through Ordinary People: Information Age Publishing.
Fry, Louis W., et al. (2011). Impact of spiritual leadership on unit performance. The leadership quarterly, 22(2), 259-270.
Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude. (2003). Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance. Public administration review, 63(3), 355-363.
Guillén, Manuel, et al. (2014). The neglected ethical and spiritual motivations in the workplace.
Journal of Business Ethics, 128(4), 803-816.
Gupta, Manu, & Kumar, Vinod. (2014). Creating satisfied employees through workplace spirituality: a study of the private insurance sector in Punjab (India). Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), 79- 88.
Heskett, et al. (1997). The service profit chain: How leading companies link profit to loyalty, satisfaction, and value.
Hughes, Ginnet, & Ginnett, RC. (2002). Curphy. 2002. Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience: New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
Indrajaya, A. N., Daryanto, W. M., Sjahrifa, C., & Yeung, S. (2019). The Conceptual Model of Spiritual Leadership and Spirit at Work in Creating a Sustainable Competitive Advantage. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 19(2), 47-51.
Jeon, K. S., Passmore, D. L., Lee, C., & Hunsaker, W. (2013). Spiritual leadership: A validation study in a Korean context. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 10(4), 342-357.
Jurkiewicz, Carole L., & Giacalone, Robert A. (2004). A Values Framework for Measuring the Impact of Workplace Spirituality on Organizational Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 49(2), 129-142.
Karakas, F., & Sarigollu, E. (2019). Spirals of spirituality: A qualitative study exploring dynamic patterns of spirituality in Turkish organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(3), 799-821.
Kessler, S. R., Lucianetti, L., Pindek, S., Zhu, Z., & Spector, P. E. (2020). Job satisfaction and firm performance: Can employees’ job satisfaction change the trajectory of a firm’s performance?. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 50(10), 563-572.
Kinjerski, Val. (2013). The Sprit at Work Scale: Developing and Validating a Measure of Individual Spirituality at Work.
Kinjerski, Val, & Skrypnek, Berna J. (2006). MEASURING THE INTANGIBLE: DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPIRIT AT WORK SCALE. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Proceedings.
Makhija, Mona. (2003). Comparing the resource-based and market-based views of the firm: empirical evidence from Czech privatization. Strategic management journal, 24(5), 433-451.
Malhotra, Neeru, & Mukherjee, Avinandan. (2004). The relative influence of organisational commitment and job satisfaction on service quality of customer-contact employees in banking call centres. Journal of Services marketing, 18(3), 162-174.
Meyer, John P., & Allen, Natalie Jean. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: theory, research, and application. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (2004). TCM employee commitment survey academic users guide 2004. London, Ontario, Canada: The University of Western Ontario, Department of Psychology.
Middlebrooks, Anthony, & Noghiu, Alain. (2010). Leadership and spiritual capital: Exploring the link between individual service disposition and organizational value. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 6(1), 67-85.
Mitroff, Ian I., & Denton, Elizabeth A. (1999). A spiritual audit of corporate America: a hard look at spirituality, religion, and values in the workplace: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Mitroff, I. I., Denton, E. A., & Alpaslan, C. M. (2009). A spiritual audit of corporate America: ten years later (spirituality and attachment theory, an interim report). Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 6(1), 27-41.
Neal, Judi. (2013). Handbook of Faith and Spirituality in the Workplace: Emerging 3 Research and Practice.
Newbert, Scott L. (2008). Value, rareness, competitive advantage, and performance: a conceptual‐ level empirical investigation of the resource‐based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 29(7), 745-768.
Nwibere, B. M., & Emecheta, B. C. (2012). Workplace spirituality and employees' commitment to the organization: a study of selected banks in the south-south geo-political region of Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Public Administration (IJBPA), 9(3), 99.
Pandey, Ashish, et al. (2009). Spiritual climate of business organizations and its impact on customers’ experience. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(2), 313-332.
Pandey, A. (2017), “Workplace spirituality: themes, impact and research directions”, South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 212-217, doi: 10.1177/2322093717732630.
Pincus, J David. (1986). Communication satisfaction, job satisfaction, and job performance. Human communication research, 12(3), 395-419.
Samul, J. (2019). Spiritual leadership: Meaning in the sustainable workplace. Sustainability, 12(1), 267.
Sapta, I. K. S., Rustiarini, N. W., Kusuma, I. G. A. E. T., & Astakoni, I. M. P. (2021). Spiritual leadership and organizational commitment: The mediation role of workplace spirituality. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1966865.
Spector, Paul E. (1997). Job satisfaction: application, assessment, cause, and consequences.
Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.
Stead, Jean Garner, & Stead, W Edward. (2014). Building spiritual capabilities to sustain sustainability-based competitive advantages. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion(ahead-of-print), 1-16.
Stevison, (2008). Toward a greater understanding of spirit at work: A model of spirit at work and outcomes: ProQuest.
Thakur, K., & Singh, J. (2016). Spirituality at workplace: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 14(7), 5181-5189
Tevichapong, Passagorn, et al. (2010). Individual spirit at work and its outcomes: An empirical examination in corporate Thailand. Paper presented at the 70th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
Van Velsor, Ellen, et al. (2010). The Center for Creative Leadership handbook of leadership development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Vandenberghe, Christian. (2011). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an integrative model. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8(3), 211-232.
Vinueza, M. A. A. (2016). Spirituality and the resilience of refugee children. In Stott-Bediako Forum. Wagner-Marsh, Fraya, & Conley, James. (1999). The fourth wave: The spiritually-based firm.
Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(4), 292-302.
Wijayati, D. T., & Rahman, Z. (2022). The Role Of Islamic Leadership On Work Engagement In The Industrial Revolution 4.0: Work Ethic As Intervening Variable. Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Syariah, 6(1), 128-142.
Yahya, Arief. (2013). Great Spirit Grand Strategy: Corporate Philosophy, Leadership Architecture, and Corporate Culture for Sustainable Growth.
Zawawi, N. F. M., & Abd Wahab, S. (2019). Organizational sustainability: a redefinition?. Journal of Strategy and Management.