Tinjauan Fikih Muamalah terhadap Penerapan Akad Salam dalam Jual Beli Inseminasi Buatan pada Sapi Potong

Abstract

Abstract. Productivity in the livestock sector is now more sophisticated in producing superior products. An example is the biotechnology of artificial insemination in bulls. The practice of salam contract in the sale and purchase of artificial insemination at the Lembang Artificial Insemination Center shows that the object of greeting in the e-catalog includes a picture of the specifications of beef cattle but in the delivery it is in the form of sperm. Therefore, this can include buying and selling that has an element of gharar. Based on this phenomenon, the formulation of the problem in this study is as follows : (1) What is the concept of buying and selling salam contracts according to fiqh muamalah ? (2) How is the practice of buying and selling artificial insemination of beef cattle at the Lembang Artificial Insemination Center, Bandung Regency ? (3) How is the fiqh muamalah review on the application of the salam contract in the sale an purchase of artificial insemination in beef cattele at the Lembang Artificial Insemination Center, Bandung Regency ?. The research method used is qualitative with a case study research approach, the type of research data is field research, research data sources are primary and secondary data, and data collection techniques include observation and interviews. The results of this study indicate that the object in the practice of the salam contract at the Lembang Artificial Insemination Center is in accordance with the fiqh muamalah, where the object being traded is beef cattle sperm through Sijalu.net ordering, quality, quantity, price, nature and type are clear.

Abstrak.

Produktivitas dalam bidang peternakan saat ini sudah lebih canggih dalam menghasilkan produk yang unggul. Contohnya pada bioteknologi inseminasi buatan pada sapi pejantan. Praktik akad salam dalam jual beli inseminasi buatan di Balai Inseminasi Buatan Lembang menunjukan bahwa objek salam dalam e-katalog mencantumkan gambar spesifikasi sapi potong namun dalam penyerahannya berupa sperma. Oleh karena itu hal ini dapat termasuk kepada jual beli yang memiliki unsur gharar. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, maka perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut: (1) Bagaimana konsep jual beli akad salam menurut fikih muamalah ? (2) Bagaimana praktik transaksi jual beli inseminasi buatan sapi potong di Balai Inseminasi Buatan Lembang Kabupaten Bandung ? (3) Bagaimana tinjauan fikih muamalah terhadap penerapan akad salam dalam jual beli inseminasi buatan pada sapi potong di Balai Inseminasi Buatan Lembang Kabupaten Bandung ?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian studi kasus, jenis data penelitian yaitu penelitian lapangan, sumber data penelitian dari data primer dan sekunder, dan teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa objek dalam praktik akad salam di Balai Inseminasi Buatan Lembang telah sesuai menurut fikih muamalah, yang dimana objek yang diperjualbelikan yaitu sperma sapi potong melalui pemesanan Sijalu.net sudah jelas kualitas, kuantitas, harga, sifat serta jenisnya.