Pengaplikasian Nanoteknologi dalam Terapi Gagal Ginjal Akut
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/jrf.v3i2.3115Keywords:
Nanoteknologi, Nanopartikel, Gagal Ginjal AkutAbstract
Abstract. Acute kidney injury is a condition when kidney function decreases marked
by decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased metabolic end products (BUN
and creatinine). Currently, the treatment of acute kidney failure is still supportive,
expensive and most of the drugs that have the potential to treat acute kidney failure
are generally hydrophobic, easily degraded, low bioavailability, non-specifically
targeting the kidney which causes increased side effects to other organs.
Nanotechnology is the solution to this problem. Therefore, this study aims to
determine the type and method of synthesis of nanoparticles for the treatment of acute
kidney injury and to determine the effect of nanoparticles on the function of the renal
biomarkers, namely BUN and creatinine. This research was conducted using a
systematic literature review (SLR) method. Based on the results of the literature
search, nanoparticles that can be used in the treatment of acute kidney failure include
synthetic polymer nanoparticles, metallic liposomes, and carbon dots. Can be
synthesized by sonication, hydrothermal, self-assembly, and high pressure
application. It can also reduce BUN and creatinine levels.
Abstrak. Gagal ginjal akut merupakan kondisi ketika fungsi ginjal mengalami
penurunan ditandai dengan menurunnnya kadar filtrasi glomerulus dan meningkatnya
produk akhir metabolisme (BUN dan kreatinin). Saat ini, pengobatan gagal ginjal
akut masih bersifat suportif, mahal dan sebagian besar obat yang berpotensi dalam
terapi gagal ginjal akut umumnya bersifat hidrofobik, mudah terdegradasi,
bioavailabilitas rendah, tidak spesifik menargetkan ginjal yang menyebabkan efek
samping ke organ lain meningkat. Nanoteknologi menjadi solusi untuk permasalahan
tersebut. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan metode
sintesis nanopartikel untuk terapi gagal ginjal akut serta untuk mengetaui pengaruh
nanopartikel terhadap biomarker fungsi ginjal yaitu BUN dan kreatinin. Penelitian ini
dilakukan dengan metode systematic literature review (SLR). Berdasarkan hasil
penulusuran pustaka, nanopartikel yang dapat digunakan dalam terapi gagal ginjal
akut diantaranya yaitu nanopartikel polimer sintetik, metalik liposom, dan carbon
dots. Dapat disintesis dengan metode sonikasi, hidrotermal, self-assembly, dan
pemberian tekanan tinggi. serta dapat menurunkan kadar BUN dan kreatinin.
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