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Studi Literatur Aktivitas Antibakteri Penyebab Jerawat dari Minyak Atsiri dan Formulasinya dalam Sediaan Mikroemulsi

Authors

  • Nur Karimah Farmasi, Universitas Islam Bandung
  • Ratih Aryani Farmasi, Universitas Islam Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29313/jrf.v1i1.185

Keywords:

Jerawat, minyak atsiri, mikroemulsi, aktivitas antibakteri

Abstract

Abstract. Acne is a condition where oil glands of the skin become clogged so that acne-causing bacteria can grow in it. The acne-causing bacteria cover Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Many plants can produce essential oils as an antibacterial agent of acne-causing bacteria. This literature study aims to identify the content of essential oils in several plants as antibacterial agents of acne-causing bacteria and the formulations of microemulsion preparations. This study used a systematic literature review method. The results of the study showed that essential oils from Clove, Oregano, Cassia, and Tea Tree plants had antibacterial activity against the three acne-causing bacteria with an overall minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 0.5%. The microemulsion formulation of the essential oil could be made with the composition ratio of Smix (surfactant-cosurfactant) ranging from 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 with the comparison between oil and Smix of 1:9-1:12. It was made with a stirring speed of 200-250 rpm for 15 minutes. The microemulsion system can increase the antibacterial activity based on the MIC value, zone of inhibition, and the amount of substance that penetrates.

Abstrak.  Jerawat adalah kondisi kulit dimana terjadi penumpukan minyak pada kelenjar minyak kulit manusia sehingga menyebabkan bakteri penyebab jerawat tumbuh di dalamnya. Bakteri penyebab jerawat diantaranya adalah Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Banyak tanaman yang dapat menghasilkan minyak atsiri sebagai agen antibakteri penyebab jerawat. Kajian pustaka ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang kandungan minyak atsiri dalam beberapa tanaman sebagai agen antibakteri penyebab jerawat serta formulasinya sediaan mikroemulsi. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah systematic literature review. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri dari tanaman Cengkeh, Oregano, Cassia, dan Tea Tree memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ketiga bakteri penyebab jerawat dengan KHM keseluruhan yang kurang dari 0,5%. Formulasi mikroemulsi minyak atsiri dapat dibuat dengan komposisi perbandingan Smix (surfaktan-kosurfkatan) berkisar 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1 serta perbandingan antara minyak dengan Smix berkisar antara 1:9-1:12. Mikroemulsi dapat dibuat dengan kecepatan pengadukan 200-250 rpm dan waktu pengadukan 15 menit. Sistem mikroemulsi dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antibakteri berdasarkan nilai KHM, zona hambat, dan jumlah zat yang berpenetrasi.

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Published

2021-10-25